Contoh Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif dalam Bahasa Inggris beserta Rumus
CNN Indonesia
Senin, 10 Jul 2023 09:45 WIB
Jakarta, CNN Indonesia --
Bentuk kalimat aktif dan pasif juga dipelajari dalam mata pelajaran Bahasa Inggris. Dalam bahasa Inggris, kalimat aktif dikenal dengan active voice, sedangkan kalimat pasif disebut passive voice.
Supaya kamu lebih memahami keduanya, berikut pengertian, rumus, dan contoh kalimat aktif dan pasif dalam bahasa Inggris.
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Pengertian Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Bahasa Inggris
Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat yang subjeknya aktif dalam melakukan suatu pekerjaan. Sementara kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai suatu pekerjaan.
Dalam bahasa Indonesia, kalimat aktif biasanya mengandung awalan me- atau ber- pada kata kerjanya (verb). Sementara kalimat pasif mendapat imbuhan di- pada kata kerjanya.
Misalnya, contoh kalimat aktif dalam bentuk simple present tense: "Sara cooks a meal" (Sara memasak makanan).
Pada kalimat tersebut, Sara bertindak sebagai subjek yang melakukan pekerjaan memasak, sedangkan makanan merupakan objek. Memasak merupakan kata kerja aktif.
Apabila kalimat aktif tersebut diubah ke dalam bentuk pasif maka menjadi: "A meal is cooked by Sara" (Makanan dimasak oleh Sara). Dimasak merupakan kata kerja pasif.
Perhatikan contoh lain berikut. "He painted the house" (Dia mengecat rumah). Ini adalah kalimat aktif dalam bentuk simple past tense.
Apabila kalimat tersebut diubah ke dalam bentuk pasif maka menjadi: "The house was painted by him" (Rumah dicat olehnya). Objek dalam kalimat aktif the house berubah menjadi subjek dalam kalimat pasif.
Nah, dari penjelasan sederhana tersebut, maka ciri-ciri kalimat aktif adalah subjek diletakkan di awal kalimat dan menggunakan kata kerja aktif; sedangkan pada kalimat pasif, objek mengawali kalimat dan subjek diletakkan di akhir kalimat.
Rumus Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Bahasa Inggris
Setelah mengetahui pengertian serta perbedaan keduanya, selanjutnya perhatikan rumus yang digunakan untuk membentuk pola kalimat aktif dan pasif dalam bahasa Inggris berikut sesuai dengan 16 bentuk tenses.
| No. | Bentuk Tense | Rumus Active Voice | Rumus Passive Voice |
| 1. | Simple present tense | S + V1 + O | S + to be (am/are/is) + V3 + by + O |
| 2. | Present continuous tense | S + to be (am/are/is) + V1-ing + O | S + to be (am/are/is) + being + V3 + by + O |
| 3. | Present perfect tense | S + have/has + V3 + O | S + have/has + been + V3 + by + O |
| 4. | Present perfect continuous tense | S + have/has + been + V1-ing+ O | S + have/has + been + being + V3 + by + O |
| 5. | Simple past tense | S + V2 + O | S + to be (was/were) + V3 + by + O |
| 6. | Past continuous tense | S + to be (was/were) + V1-ing + O | S + to be (was/were) + being + V3 + by + O |
| 7. | Past perfect tense | S + had + V3 + O | S + had + been + V3 + by + O |
| 8. | Past perfect continuous tense | S + had + been + V1-ing + O | S + had + been + being + V3 + by + O |
| 9. | Simple future tense | S + will + V1 + O | S + will be + V3 + by + O |
| 10. | Future continuous tense | S + will + be + V1-ing + O | S + will + be + being + V3 + by + O |
| 11. | Future perfect tense | S + will + have + V3 + O | S + will + have + been + V3 + by + O |
| 12. | Future perfect continuous tense | S + will + have + been + V1-ing + O | S + will + have + been + being + O |
| 13. | Simple past future tense | S + would + V1 + O | S + would + be + V3 + by + O |
| 14. | Past future continuous tense | S + would + be + V1-ing + O | S + would + be + being + V3 + by + O |
| 15. | Past future perfect tense | S + would + have + V3 + O | S + would + have + been + V3 + by + O |
| 16. | Past future perfect continuous tense | S + would + have + been + V1-ing + O | S + would + have + been + being+ V3 + by + O |
Contoh Kalimat Aktif dan Pasif Bahasa Inggris dalam 16 Tenses
Berikut contoh kalimat aktif dan pasif bahasa Inggris dalam 16 jenis tenses.
| No. | Bentuk Tense | Contoh Kalimat Active Voice | Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice |
| 1. | Simple present tense | She writes a letter. | A letter is written by her. |
| 2. | Present continues tense | She is writing a letter. | A letter is being written by her. |
| 3. | Present perfect tense | She has written a letter. | A letter has been written by her. |
| 4. | Present perfect continuous tense | She has been writing a letter. | A letter had been being written by her. (Bentuk ini jarang digunakan) |
| 5. | Simple past tense | She wrote a letter. | A letter was written by her. |
| 6. | Past continuous tense | She was writing a letter. | A letter was being written by her. |
| 7. | Past perfect tense | She had written a letter. | A letter had been written by her. |
| 8. | Past perfect continuous tense | She had been writing a letter. | A letter had been being written by her. (Bentuk ini jarang digunakan) |
| 9. | Simple future tense | She will write a letter. | A letter will be written by her. |
| 10. | Future continuous tense | She will be writing a letter. | A letter will be being written by her. (Bentuk ini jarang digunakan) |
| 11. | Future perfect tense | She will have written a letter. | A letter will have been written by her. |
| 12. | Future perfect continuous tense | She will have been writing a letter. | A letter will have been writing by her. (Bentuk ini jarang digunakan) |
| 13. | Simple past future tense | She would write a letter. | A letter would be written by her. |
| 14. | Past future continuous tense | She would writing a letter. | A letter would be being written by her. (Bentuk ini jarang digunakan) |
| 15. | Past future perfect tense | She would have written a letter. | A letter would have been written by her. |
| 16. | Past future perfect continuous tense | She would have been writing a letter. | A letter would have been being written by her. (Bentuk ini jarang digunakan) |
Demikian pengertian, rumus, dan contoh kalimat aktif dan pasif dalam bahasa Inggris. Selamat belajar.
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